PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.